South Africa exhibits one of the highest levels of income inequality globally, reflecting persistent spatial exclusion. This ...

This paper studies the macroeconomic consequences of undermining central bank independence through politically motivated ...

Building foreign exchange reserves requires sound policies and takes time, but global efforts to lower the cost of holding ...

We build the first global quarterly narrative database of discretionary government spending actions by applying a fixed GPT–4 ...

South Africa stands out as having one of the most restrictive business environments among peers. Burdensome government ...

Crime shocks are frequent and disruptive, often heightening public concerns about violence and personal safety. Yet little is ...

Let me start with Asia’s past successes. Few would dispute that the last quarter century has been Asia’s golden hour. A region that, back in the year 2000, was still shaking off the pain of a ...

Many highly indebted advanced economies face a grim fiscal outlook. Under current policies, the public debt ratios of ...

This note presents the key updates and revenue development highlights of the 2026 version of the IMF's World Revenue ...

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) will close its Resident Representative Office in Paramaribo, Suriname, effective end ...

This paper develops a theory of sovereign debt sustainability driven by the government’s motive for redistribution. It studies a heterogeneous-agent small open economy in which redistribution relies ...

U.S. policymakers have embarked on a systemic reorientation of the U.S. economy with the overarching goal to increase economic self-reliance and, in doing so, to boost the living standards of American ...