Taiwan experiences some of the world's fastest rates of mountain building -- they are growing at a faster rate than our fingernails grow in a year. The mountains also see frequent and significant ...

Mountain building, also known as orogenesis, is a geological process that involves the formation and uplift of large, elevated landforms, known as mountains. The term "orogenesis" comes from Greek ...

The geology of Venus presents a complex interplay between extensive volcanic activity, mantle dynamics and tectonic deformation. Recent studies have revealed that, in the absence of Earth‐like plate ...

Scientists recently published new ideas about why Earth’s toughest, oldest continents persist. These continents, known as cratons, have been on earth for more than two billion years. Andrew Zuza, an ...

A new analysis of rocks thought to be at least 2.5 billion years old helps clarify the chemical history of Earth's mantle -- the geologic layer beneath the planet's crust. The findings hone scientists ...

1. Introduction -- 2. Stress -- 3. Displacement and strain -- 4. Relation between stress and strain -- 5. Loading of brittle rock to failure -- 6. Stress concentration -- 7. Theories of brittle ...

University of Wyoming geology Professor and National Geographic Explorer Ken Sims has published a new book on the application of isotopes to understanding earth system processes. “Isotopic Constraints ...

The geology and surface processes of Venus continue to intrigue planetary scientists, revealing a dynamic world shaped by volcanic activity, tectonic forces and chemical weathering. Recent ...

Unfortunately, this book can't be printed from the OpenBook. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a PDF. Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this ...

A thin slice of the ancient rocks collected from Gakkel Ridge near the North Pole, photographed under a microscope and seen under cross-polarized light. Field width ~ 14mm. Credit: E. Cottrell, ...