An extreme protocluster gathering of infant galaxies is hiding a vast cosmic fuel tank that is powering 400 million years of intense star formation.

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While they outwardly resemble classic star clusters, they have unusually high mass-to-light ratios; some are hundreds to thousands of times higher than those of typical dwarf galaxies.

For the Phoenix cluster's central galaxy, which should be well past the stage of extreme cooling, the presence of ultracold gas presented a puzzle.

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While they outwardly resemble classic star clusters, they have unusually high mass-to-light ratios; some are hundreds to thousands of times higher than those of typical dwarf galaxies.